Themes Of Trauma In The Great Gatsby - 1849 Words

Art often represents the challenges overcome by individuals as they search for life meaning. Gus Van Sant’s Good Will Hunting, released on12 March 1998, follows the story of protagonist Will Hunting, played by Matt Damon, who has Attachment Disorder. Abused as a child, he has trouble developing meaningful and appropriate relationships with adults and women. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, published on 10 April 1925, is a story told by involved narrator Nick Carraway, who was once Jay Gatsby s neighbour. Over the course of a summer on Long Island, Carraway reflects on the incidents of the roaring 20’s. Fitzgerald’s famous romantic tale explores, Jay Gatsby, a financially successful man motivated by his obsession to recapture his†¦show more content†¦This abuse has left him defensive which explains his, at times, mean and hurtful demeanour. The composers explore the idea of shame to interpret and consider the difficulties of living up to the social ideal. Fitzgerald illustrates Gatsby’s pursuit to self actualisation through recurrent symbolism of green light and the eyes. Van Sant uses his scenes to develop and reveal the ideas of where Will’s initial shame originates. Gatsby’s shame reveals he feels something wrong or damaged within himself. From this shame Gatsby creates a persona, changing his name, and moulds himself against his poor upbringing in a lavish display of wealth and ostentation. The drive of this stems from the loss of Daisy. The eyes are powerful symbol, which Fitzgerald explores in demonstrating the notion of who is watching?, who is listening? The characters in his novel are typically guilt free with their actions, however they are afraid of being seen and the negatives of being seen. Similarly Will, feels shame about his upbringing when he retells his childhood stories saying; â €Å"He used to just put a belt, a stick, and a wrench on the kitchen table and say, â€Å"Choose.†Ã¢â‚¬ . The director highlights the abuse suffered by Will through graphic imagery. The camera fixates, for an extended period, on forensic photos showing Will’s physical abuse as a cumulative tool of image and dialogue. Through these formative experiences Will learned to physically fightShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1567 Words   |  7 PagesScott Fitzgerald’s, The Great Gatsby, and Ernest Hemingway’s, The Sun Also Rises, act as an exploration of Americans’ shift in values, post-World War One (WWI). These authors do so by commenting on the excessive partying and drinking, the falsification of relationships, and the lost generation of the veterans who fought in the Great War. In their novels, Fitzgerald and Hemingway discuss the timeless parties and superfluous drinking in society post-WWI. The Great Gatsby is characterized by JamesRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s: Two Perspectives, One Story F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby and Toni Morrison s JAZZ both tell the story of the 1920s in America, but from opposite points of view. Both authors provide us with two compelling narratives of the societal shift that took place in America after World War I had come to an end. Although the accounts share many of the same general topics, as well as the historical era, it is difficult to imagine how the two stories could be so different from one anotherRead MoreGood Will Hunting Analysis1921 Words   |  8 PagesFitzgerald’s â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, published on 10 April 1925, is a story told by the involved narrator Nick Carraway, who was once Jay Gatsbys neighbour. Over the course of a summer on Long Island, Carraway reflects on the incidents of the roaring 20s. Fitzgerald’s famous romantic tale explores, Jay Gatsby, a financially successful man that is motivated by his intense desire to recapture his former lover, Daisy, now married to Tom Buchanan. The texts explore the themes of trauma and redemption. appealsRead MoreVladimir Nabokovs Lolita Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesor rather arousing, his ‘excessive desire’ for underage girls† (94). Here, Straumann explores the unreliability of Humber t’s narration by claiming his story of Annabel as simply an excuse for his actions. Child molesters blaming their actions on traumas in the past was exactly the event critics fear if the ideas in Lolita become widespread. Proceeding from mental disorders, Humbert brings up his other â€Å"side† who mistreated Lolita. This ushers in dissociative identity disorder to the novel, anotherRead MoreResearch Paper F Scott Fitzgerald2343 Words   |  10 Pageson America. His novels contain recurring themes that establish the facets of modern American society with which he avidly disagrees. His characters Jay Gatsby and Armory Blaine both portray men in American society who have through various ways acquired wealth, but their wealth has not brought them happiness, which is what they had truly longed for. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novels, The Great Gatsby, and This Side of Paradise, both male characters Jay Gatsby and Armory Blaine respectively representRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2387 Words   |  10 Pages People were finally alive following a time of great nationwide tribulation, and constantly dancing to the tune of jazz music throughout the big cities of the country. The affluent were living in more excess and luxury than ever before, while the poor were steadily rising towards socio-economic change. The music, the art, and the literature were at the peak of creativity and from the inception of this roaring decade, came the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald (1925), later turned intoRead MoreCensorship Is Monitoring Or Withholding Information Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesHunger Games, by Suzanne Collins, and To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Fahrenheit 451, and many other classics. In a book known for being commonly banned or challenged, Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, he created a world ruled by censorship and fear in the novel, Fahrenheit 451. Censorship is a common theme in literature. Genres from sci-fi to classic romantic literature explore the damage that can appear from hidingRead MoreThe Modernist Movement Of Literature2005 Words   |  9 Pageseras of literature. Near the beginning of the twentieth century, the events of the first world war solidly destroyed peoples’ illusion of the good in the world and caused themes of destruction and loss to prominent in modernist literature. The writing of the Modernist Movement ultimately â€Å"attempted to bear witness to the trauma of the war and its consequences† (Tate 10). The model of destruction provided by the war caused the rebellion of authors against tradition story and writing structures becauseRead MoreEssay on 103 American Literature Final Exam5447 Words   |  22 Pagesand restrictions. (B) The self is grounded in an â€Å"unconscious,† where forbidden desires, traumas, and unacceptable emotions are stored. (C) Most psychological problems can and should be treated by new medications. (D) Patients should deal with traumatic experiences and their resulting fears by repressing them. Speaking about or analyzing trauma only intensifies its power and ill effects. 16. The term â€Å"Great Migration† refers to: (A) the enormous influx of eastern and southern European, as well as

That which Makes Him or Her Free Essays

Virginia Woolf once asked, â€Å"Why are women†¦ so much more interesting to men than men are to women? † Did she ask the right question or is it the other way around like most men actually think? In the modern day of this age, the world is immersed in complicated relationships that shape the very roles each person portrays. In the midst of it all, some assumptions are made turning society into a blur with respect to the very ideas that define gender roles. The world has changed. We will write a custom essay sample on That which Makes Him or Her or any similar topic only for you Order Now People who want to have something said will ask a man. On the other hand, people who want something done will ask a woman. Therefore, allow me to state that the social factors that shape gender roles give far more influence than that of the cultural and biological ones. In society, gender roles are related largely to the set of acceptable standards in society. These standards define what is to be a female and what it is to be a male. Generally, the focus of how to understand gender roles is mostly dependent on the social, biological and cultural factors seen in every society. According to Reiter, â€Å"this is due to the fact that gender is an essential part of the gender or sex system. Every society and community holds a gender or sex system in which its characteristics will mostly be different in all aspects† (Reiter, 1975). Thus, for every country, nation or culture, there are certain social, biological and cultural influences only relevant and limited to that time and place. There are so many ways and guidelines which influence gender roles. A large chunk of the social influence is about the interactions and relationships people have with one another. A person’s family, friends, peers or community are the models and critiques a person has to follow or copy in order to fit in. There are â€Å"proper† ways in which a man or a woman have to act with his family, friends, peers and community. Those people who cannot live up to these standards are labelled as outcasts or weirdoes. Moreover, television shows and films are society’s perfect role models of how they must act as a man and as a woman. The acting in shows and movies are transformed into the very roles each person plays with regard to their own genders. The essential point to why the social factor is the most influential is because of the need of every person to be accepted by the people around that person and the society where he or she lives in. The biological and cultural factors are not as influential as the social factor. First of all, the truth is that the sex in which a person is actually born does not directly determine his or her abilities or roles. The proponents of the biological factor say that, â€Å"The biological influence proposes that the differences with respect to gender roles are rooted from the differences in the body. There was even an extensive research in the late 1980’s to prove the connections between biology and gender roles† (Connell, 1987). However, the studies have not concluded anything. When a person is born, there is no exact way of determining how she or he will be in the future. Lastly, the cultural aspect of gender roles explains that ideas of the proper behaviour in relation to gender vary among time and place. An individual processes information and regulate their behavior based on whatever definitions of femininity and masculinity their culture provides† (Bem, 354 – 367). But culture and tradition can be easily altered or changed. People are becoming more aware each day of their unbounded potential and abilities. As people strive to become better and more successful, they will not allow themselves to be limited by culture or tradition. In essence, everything really influences gender roles whether in a miniscule or gargantuan level. The quintessential point is that first, culture or tradition can be broken and set aside without having far reaching consequences. Moreover, biological influences on gender roles can be overcome by simply seeing that people are not limited to their genetically inherited make up. And most importantly, the social factor gives the most considerable influence simply because it is but natural for any human being to socialize, interact and find a place where he or she can fit. How to cite That which Makes Him or Her, Papers

Mahindra Scorpio Case Essay Example

Mahindra Scorpio Case Essay How Scorpio brand identity was established? In order to develop distinctive brand identity and to create excitement among customers, the company decided to remodel/redesign all its retailing and service network of 150 dealer showrooms across India to reflect vibrancy of brand and company. Company insisted on exclusive sales person for dealing with customers of Scorpio. Television medium was used to communicate emotional benefit and international image to the brand and print media communicated showed functional benefits supporting the emotional claims. Brand identify was achieved through formal market research at various locations and asking for customer insights. Company took help of their advertising agency to develop a suitable name. Various brand strategy options were looked into and finally they settled on using Scorpio – from Mahindra brand endorsement to give it new independent product position and also to have positive image of being form the house of Mahindra’s. Various positioning options were evaluated to arrive at one that met the criteria specified by the marketing objectives. As on part of the exercise to obtain a fix on the positioning option a static and drive clinic was held in one city. The purpose was to evaluate the vehicle viz-a-viz a leading competitor brand and to obtain customer reactions that helped to arrive at a brand position decision. In the vehicle clinic the product received excellent rating for the respondents in the exterior appearance, overall design, finish and the looks. Several initiatives were taken by the company to create a distinctive brand image for the new brand. We will write a custom essay sample on Mahindra Scorpio Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mahindra Scorpio Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mahindra Scorpio Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Communication strategy and the launch initiatives were directed towards creating a new customer experience with the brand Scorpio. What was the customer input in the brand positioning? Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd has always focussed on getting customers insights and using that information while designing and positioning their brands. Understanding what customers need and developing strategies accordingly have always helped them in upgrading their old products and launching new ones. Before 1997, when Scorpio was launched, the image of M M in automobile sector was that of brand which is tough, reliable, rugged, easy to maintain and economically viable. But the brand was not perceived to be modern and technologically advanced and also thought to be less confortable. From market survey and customers feedback it was found that customers want fully loaded vehicles at an attractive price with multiple functional benefits, zero defects and trouble free maintenance. M M’s approach while launching ARMADA, then BOLERO, then CAMPER and then SCORPIO clearly indicates their vision of satisfying customers through continuous innovation and upgradation. Approach of Mahindra and Mahindra to receive customer inputs and their implementation in projects is quite apparent through following instances: ? IDAM teams were formed which visited various locations and interacted with about 500 customers which helped the company to get the insight into customer requirements, usage of products and their expectations perceptions. It led to the initiation of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) wherein the customer inputs were translated into design dimensions and product specifications to maintain superior quality. ?M M came out with a very innovative idea of implying the input of the customer through its consumer clinics. An example is â€Å"static and drive’ clinic. The sample for the clinic was drawn out from people belonging to age group of 21 to 60 years. In the static phase aspects like exterior fit and finish, exterior appearance, interior styling and comfort received superior ratings. Then in drive phase also customer seemed to be happy with good power and pick up, overall quietness of the vehicles, ease of gear shifting, smoothness of clutch etc. By all such kind of approaches M M is seen to follow customer’s inputs for brand launch with proper positioning in the market. How did Mahindra overcome the rural perceptions associated with the brand while creating the positioning approach for Scorpio? As the market was evolving and MM, hitherto was rapidly losing market share thus the compulsions of the new product activity was the need of the hour. The specific segments in which the company had a strong presence were stagnating. A detailed consumer research was undertaken on different usage segments of the category. Research studies suggested that competing brands such as Tata Sumo had a powerful equity in commercial segment but negligible presence as a personal vehicle. There was an opportunity to capitalize on emotive drivers such as ‘Pride of Ownership’ through attributes such as product styling and an aspirational imagery. Armada to Bolero It was important to evolve distinct space thus Armada was changed to Bolero to synergize the portfolio and prevent cannibalization. Towards this end, the Bolero was repositioned as an ‘Entry Level SUV’ with an attitude of ‘Taking on Anything’, offering an affordable, stylish option for young, upwardly mobile consumers. Mahindra Bolero emerged as India’s No. 1 Sports Utility Vehicle brand in 2006-07 and has continued to occupy that pedestal for 4 years in a row. This path breaking performance can be attributed to: 1. A superior value proposition as stylish, affordable SUV for the youth. The price range for the variants: Rs. 5. 22 lacs to 7. 01 lacs. 2. The aspirational imagery that repositioned the brand 3. A brand portfolio strategy with variants targeted at various customer segments at different price points. Project Scorpio For Project Scorpio, MM decided to implement a new product development technique called Integrated Development Manufacture (IDAM). Reportedly, IDAM was expected to enable MM to develop an SUV with the most contemporary design and technology. Positioning and Advertising Scorpio Scorpio was positioned as a UV with great power and style that offered the ultimate driving experience, driving thrill, luxury and comforts of a passenger car along with value for money. It targeted individual car buyers in the top-end small car segment and mid-size car segment, who already owned cars and were ready to invest in another vehicle. To seek the customer response as to where they positioned the new car they conduct a drive called static and drive clinic and the product revealed excellent rating from respondents from appearance and sturdiness to price acceptance as well. Is this the right positioning for the brand? Yes. Scorpio was positioned as a UV with great power and style that offered the ultimate driving experience, driving thrill, luxury and comforts of a passenger car along with value for money. It targeted individual car buyers in the top-end small car segment and mid-size car segment, who already owned cars and were ready to invest in another vehicle. Scorpio launch did play a significant role in driving the UV market up. This to me is the ultimate measure of success the ability of a company to drive the growth of markets. Marketing gurus suggest that the positioning of Scorpio was also very bold and innovative. The easiest temptation for MM would have been to position Scorpio as a `better-looking SUV or `a rugged, yet good-looking SUV in sync with its tough vehicle pedigree. But this would have made Scorpio a prisoner of the category, and it would have had to compete with other players in the category. This also would have restricted the growth of the category by itself. The ‘car plus’ approach is indeed very innovative and bold. Bold, because it goes against the existing frames of reference of customers and hence the need to create new frames of reference All Scorpio advertisements show the vehicle in urban settings driven many times by women conveying the message of ease of driving. Unlike competitors advertising strategy, no imagery of off-road settings and ‘wilderness’ or ‘break-free’ connotations were depicted, tag line of Scorpio TV ads says ‘nothing else will do’? Scorpio is among the only three main car sub-brands whose ad and brand recalls are higher than the master brands, Santro and Indica being the other two. It is also the only significantly recalled SUV. In fact, it is more recalled than a lmost all MUVs as well, says Sanjay Tiwari, Consultant Director, Indicus Consumer Tracker.

It Was a Pleasure to Burn essays

It Was a Pleasure to Burn essays In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury's classic vision of the future, firemen don't put out firesthey start them in order to burn books. Bradbury's vividly painted society displays the appearance of happiness as the main goal. It is a place where trivial information is admired and true knowledge and ideas are banned. Guy Montag is a fireman who has always been happy and fulfilled in his job. He's never questioned the purpose of book burning. He only knows what he's been told - books are bad because they cause unhappiness. He enjoys the thrill of setting a fire and the beauty of the flames. His wife spends all day plugged into seashell earpieces or watching her television "family." At night, she takes sleeping pills. Unfortunately, she is not alone. All their friends do the same thing. They don't engage in conversations, they parrot what they hear on TV programs, and they have no thoughts of their own. They are only vaguely aware that the country is at war. The government doesn't want to distress the citizens, so it doesn't broadcast anything unpleasant. Montag's boss, Chief Beatty, sums up the sentiment of the society saying, "Give the people contests they win by remembering the words to more popular songs. Don't give them slippery stuff like philosophy or sociology to tie things up with. That way lies melancholy." The people of Montag's world live under that principle, though they don't know it, and believe ignorance is bliss. The ban on books began when books were deemed offensive; being censored until eventually the intolerance of differing voices leads to the ban of all books. This results in a lack of any voices at all, only a vacuous society. Montags dull, empty life sharply contrasts with that of his next-door neighbor Clarisse, a young girl thrilled by the ideas in books, and more interested in what she can see in the world around her than in the mindless chatter of the seashells and walls. She is...

Derecho and Derecha, Two Confusing Spanish Words

Derecho and Derecha, Two Confusing Spanish Words Two easily confused Spanish words are derecho and derecha. Both are distant cousins of the English words right and direct, and that is the source of the confusion: Depending on the context and usage, these words can carry meanings such as right (the opposite of left), right (entitlement), straight, upright and directly. ‘Derecho’ and ‘Derecha’ Explained These words are easiest to understand as nouns: El derecho is never a term of direction and is used to refer to something that is due a person according to law, moral principle or custom - in other words, a right. When used in the plural, it typically means rights such as in the phrase derechos humanos, human rights. It can also refer to a type of right that is less abstract. For example, derechos del autor (literally, authors rights) refers to royalties.La derecha refers to something that is on the right (opposite of left) side. It can refer to, for example, the right hand and the political right. The adverbial phrase a la derecha is common and means to the right or on the right. As an adjective, derecho (and derived forms derecha, derechos and derechas) can mean right (the opposite of left, as in el lado derecho, the right side), upright (as in el palo derecho, the upright pole), and straight (as in là ­nea derecha, straight line). Usually the context will make the meaning clear. Except in bad Spanglish, derecho as an adjective does not mean correct. As an adverb, the form is derecho. It typically means straight ahead or in a straight line as in anduvieron derecho, they walked straight ahead. Sample Sentences Here are some examples of these words in use: No tienes el derecho de iniciar la fuerza contra la vida, libertad, o propiedad de otros. (You dont have the right to initiate the use of force against the life, liberty or property of others.)Estos cambios pueden tener un impacto negativo contra los derechos al voto de minorà ­as raciales. (These changes can have a negative effect against the voting rights of racial minorities.)Queremos el derecho a decidir para toda la gente. (We want the right to decide for all the people.)Como consecuencia de este incidente sufrià ³ una herida grave en el ojo derecho. (As a result of this incident he suffered a serious injury in his right eye.)El coche es caro, pero no me funciona la luz de cruce derecha. (The car is expensive, but the right turn signal doesnt work for me.)El espejo derecho no es obligatorio salvo que algo nos obstaculice el uso del espejo interior. (The right-side mirror isnt mandatory unless something blocks our use of the interior mirror.)Siguià ³ derecho por un tiempo ante s de que parara. (She continued straight ahead for some time before she stopped.) Nunca he negado que hay diferente tipos de derechas. (I have never denied there are different types of conservatives.)Espero que la pared de la cocina està © derecha. (I hope the kitchen wall is straight up and down.)Gire a la derecha desde la rampa de salida. (Turn to the right from the exit ramp.)Por tradicià ³n el guila de la bandera mira a la derecha. (Traditionally, the eagle on the flag looks to the right.) If You Need To Say ‘Left’ Whether referring to physical direction or politics, the noun form for left is izquierda. The adjective form is izquierdo and its variations for number and gender. Zurdo is the adjective usually used to refer to someone who is left-handed. Some sample sentences: Sufro de constante inflamacià ³n en el ojo izquierdo. (I constantly suffer from inflammation in my left eye.)Se dice que un partido es de la izquierda cuando tiende a buscar una mayor distribucià ³n de las riquezas. (They say that a party is from the left when it tends to pursue a greater distribution of wealth.)La imagen a la izquierda muestra la rotacià ³n del planeta. (The image on the left shows the planets rotation.)Fue designado como mejor atleta zurdo del paà ­s. (He was named the countrys best left-handed athlete.) Key Takeaways As an adjective, derecho (and its feminine and plural forms) can mean the opposite of left as well as upright or straight, and it can also serve as an adverb to refer to action straight ahead.But as a noun, el derecho never refers to a direction. but to an entitlement.The noun form for something on the right (opposite of left) side is derecha.

Juwan howard case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Juwan howard case study - Essay Example community and had a large number of fans. Because of Howard’s qualifications, when he became a free agent in July 1996, several teams became interested in recruiting him including Pat Riley of the Miami Heat. Howard was represented by David Falk of the Falk Associates Management Enterprises (FAME) and his partner lawyer Curtis Polk. The Bullets through its General Manager, Wes Unseld made an offer for seven-years for $78.4 million which amounted to $136,000 per game during the 2002-2003 season (Brubaker & Asher, 2007). Although Howard wanted to remain a Bullet, he was not happy with the offer because he knew that he was worth more than $78.4 million; thus, together with Falk they sought offers from the other NBA teams. The Miami Heat’s opening bid through Riley was $84 million over seven years which later increased to $91 million plus $3.5 million in bonuses and other perks. The Bullets then increased their bid to $84 million which was still unacceptable to Howard. At t his point, Howard admitted that his top choice was the Heat but he wanted to up their offer so he still was not accepting any deal. His move was successful because the final deal was closed at $100.8 million in cash plus perks. This contract however was voided by the NBA citing that the Heat exceeded its salary cap. The NBA also claimed that the Heat had signed an agreement with Alonzo Mourning before the contract with Howard and that the bonuses of two other players were excluded from the cap which should not have been the case. So on August 5, 1996 after several heated negotiations, Howard was back with the Bullets after signing a seven-year contract worth $105 million. There are several benefits, both tangible and intangible, among the players in the negotiation contract of Howard. For Howard, the intangible benefit of the negotiation of his contract was that it was a measure of his true worth as an NBA star player. He gained a sense of fulfillment and pride from just knowing tha t there are several teams interested in his services. A $205 million total contract offer from two top teams in the NBA was a real boost to his ego. Also, another intangible benefit for Howard was the fame he got from the negotiations. He was adored by numerous fans so the Bullets came up with an advertisement in the Washington Post which promised the fans that they will do everything to keep Howard in Washington. The tangible benefits that he gained from the negotiations are the financial rewards and other bonuses and perks that were offered to him including hotel suites and limousine service. If Unseld is successful at having Howard accept the Bullets’ offer, the team will benefit from the outstanding performance of Howard. Their fans will continue to support them, meaning more revenues for them. Howard can motivate again his other team members and hopefully lead them into winning more games that will bring them closer to the championship. On the other hand, the benefit for Riley if his offer is accepted by Howard is that the Heat will have another star player in the team which will make them the team to beat in the NBA. Riley will gain much publicity and will earn him the respect among basketball enthusiasts, being the coach of

Principles of logistics and supply chain management Assignment

Principles of logistics and supply chain management - Assignment Example Supply-chain management deals with regulating the relationships of the business with the stakeholders in order to enhance the quality of services at affordable prices throughout the supply chain. Effective logistics is the core requirement in the enhance customer satisfaction in the supply-chain process. The business should have a detailed coordination of complex operations that involve facilities, suppliers, and organizational publics. Understanding the background of the business environment is necessary as an initial process of principles of logistics and supply chain. The findings from the case study analysis help the concerned stakeholders to create proper recommendations and conclusions for future running of the business. This paper will focus on Kellogg’s, a national distribution center in the Pacific Asia region to analyze the business situation. Analysis of the business and key findings from the case study will help in answering the case study questions. Introduction A ccording to Murphy and Wood (2011, p.20), logistics is one of the primary requirements of a country’s economic growth. Logistics creates utility to goods and services, and in the process, it helps to satisfy human wants. Utility is the ability of a commodity to satisfy a given need or want. Murphy and Wood (2011) further identified four types of utility, which are possession utility, form utility, place utility, and time utility. These four types of utility must be organized to interact in the supply-chain process in order to create usefulness of commodities. Logistics activities add value goods and services, especially through time and place utilities. This makes warehousing an essential part of the logistics system, although warehousing is rapidly being replaced distribution centers. Supply chain comprises of people, resources, activities, and organizations involved in moving a product or service from the supplier to the customer. The management of a business strategically places the supply-chain elements in such a way that they can effectively transform raw materials, natural resources, and components into ready-to-consume products (Bowersox, Mentzer & Speh, 2008, p. 88). Supply-chain management is defined as the process of regulating, directing, and coordinating the stakeholders along the distribution channel to ensure effectiveness and efficiency in the transactions. Principles of supply-chain management include product differentiation, customization of logistics, proper market planning, product differentiation, strategic sourcing, adoption of a supply chain based on wide technology strategy and development of channel-spanning performance measures. The modern business arena is characterized by cutthroat competition where only organized and effective supply chain managers will survive. Proper management of supply chains requires businesses to adopt strategic processes such as agility, adaptability, and alignment in their distribution channels. Backg round and Business Environment The business environment has undergone massive transformations in the 21st century. The current market is not the same as the blacksmiths’ or artisans that thrived in the early 2oth century (Woolven, 2001, p.44). Barter trade existed during the commodity economy because there was any other way traders could have exchanged value for goods. There were not strict supply chains since traders knew where to meet and make transactions. The markets have grown and have become more diversified than